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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical commodity in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under give-and-take, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the nigh oftentimes used give-and-take in the English language language; studies and analyses of texts have found information technology to account for seven per centum of all printed English-language words.^[i] It is derived from gendered articles in Onetime English language which combined in Center English and now has a single form used with pronouns of whatever gender.^[a] The word tin can exist used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a substantive that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced equally /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used every bit an emphatic class.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English language have an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even earlier a vowel.^{[iii] [4]}

Sometimes the discussion "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the expert", not simply "an" adept in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Employ of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more the better", has a singled-out origin and etymology and by run a risk has evolved to be identical to the definite article.^[5]

Article

The and that are mutual developments from the same Old English organization. Onetime English had a definite commodity se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Mod English discussion the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, isle groups (archipelagoes) and and then on – are by and large used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements mostly do non take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Republic of austria (but the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
• commencement with a common noun followed by of may take the commodity, every bit in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the University of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an article, such equally the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Hamlet, The Hamlet (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West Terminate, the East Stop, The Hague, or the Metropolis of London (but London). Formerly eastward.thousand. Bathroom, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• mostly described singular names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the West State (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" only there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective common nouns such equally "kingdom", "republic", "union", etc.: the Central African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United States, the Britain, the Soviet Matrimony, the United Arab Emirates, including most country full names:^{[8] [9]} the Czech Commonwealth (merely Czech republic), the Russian Federation (merely Russia), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the State of Israel (merely Israel) and the Commonwealth of Australia (just Commonwealth of australia).^{[10] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "island" or "country" that concur administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Isle and Norfolk Island – do non take a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, fifty-fifty for atypical, (the Lebanese republic, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in decline, The The gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to every bit the Ukraine, a usage that was mutual during the 20th century, but this is considered wrong and possibly offensive in modernistic usage.^[14] Sudan (just the Democracy of the Sudan) and South Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written present without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the nearly frequently used words in English, at various times short abbreviations for it take been found:

• Barred thorn: the earliest abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Old English language language. It is the letter þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and information technology represents the word þæt, significant "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript due east or t) announced in Middle English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Mod manuscripts and in print (see Ye form).

Occasional proposals take been made by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Press-Surfaces, a proposal for a alphabetic character like to Ħ to represent "Thursday", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was frequently abbreviated equally a þ with a small eastward to a higher place it, similar to the abridgement for that, which was a þ with a small t above information technology. During the latter Eye English language and Early Modern English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. Equally a result, the use of a y with an e higher up it () as an abbreviation became mutual. This can however be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such equally Romans xv:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, even when so written.

The give-and-take "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abbreviation in Democracy countries for the honorific championship "The Right Honourable", as in e.k. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English language Letter of the alphabet Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English language . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Printing, March 2016. Web. xi March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to use".
9. ^ "FAO Land Profiles". www.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Accost, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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